{"id":24937,"date":"2025-10-09T10:01:15","date_gmt":"2025-10-09T08:01:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/?p=24937"},"modified":"2025-10-09T10:01:17","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T08:01:17","slug":"les-espagnols-de-la-retirada-a-muret-1939-1945","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/les-espagnols-de-la-retirada-a-muret-1939-1945\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Espagnols de la \u00ab Retirada \u00bb \u00e0 Muret (1939-1945)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apr\u00e8s la publication de notre dernier article intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/arras-7-janvier-2026-journee-detude-sur-lexil-republicain\/\">Arras 7 janvier 2026 \u2013 journ\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9tude sur l\u2019exil r\u00e9publicain<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, un internaute &#8211; Marc Bouhours &#8211; a adress\u00e9 aux organisateurs de cette journ\u00e9e un document qui peut vous int\u00e9resser. Il d\u00e9crit les conditions d&rsquo;accueil des femmes, des enfants et d&rsquo;hommes chass\u00e9s de leur pays par les fascismes europ\u00e9ens. Vous trouverez ci-apr\u00e8s notre r\u00e9sum\u00e9, et le document qui relate cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Muret, centre d\u2019accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s espagnols en f\u00e9vrier 1939<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En f\u00e9vrier\u202f1939, la petite ville de Muret devient l\u2019un des points d\u2019ancrage d\u2019un exode dramatique : la<em> Retirad<\/em>a des R\u00e9publicains espagnols fuyant le r\u00e9gime franquiste et ses alli\u00e9s. \u00c0 travers les archives municipales, on d\u00e9couvre comment la communaut\u00e9 murettoise a accueilli, soutenu puis, sous la pression, vu dispara\u00eetre ce camp d\u2019accueil entre 1939 et 1945.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. L\u2019arriv\u00e9e et l\u2019organisation du centre d\u2019accueil<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le 10\u202ff\u00e9vrier\u202f1939, un premier train apporte 50 adultes et huit enfants. Le lendemain, arrivent 22 personnes suppl\u00e9mentaires et huit jeunes enfants. Au total, 88 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u2013 majoritairement des femmes et des enfants \u2013 sont log\u00e9s, probablement dans l\u2019ancienne gare de Muret. D\u00e8s le 7\u202ff\u00e9vrier, la mairie avait r\u00e9quisitionn\u00e9 50 lits, matelas et accessoires aupr\u00e8s du foyer des anciens combattants. Elle anticipait l\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019au moins cinquante femmes et enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un \u00e9tat nominatif du 26\u202favril\u202f1939 recense 37 femmes, 35 enfants (18 de moins de\u202f10\u202fans, 19 entre\u202f10 et18\u202fans) et un seul homme. Les autorit\u00e9s fran\u00e7aises envisagent d\u00e9j\u00e0 un rapatriement vers l\u2019Espagne franquiste. Seule Vicenta\u202fMargalef accepte de repartir en mai\u202f1939.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. La solidarit\u00e9 locale<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Face \u00e0 la d\u00e9tresse, le <em>Comit\u00e9 de secours aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s espagnols<\/em> se cr\u00e9e sous l\u2019\u00e9gide de Vincent\u202fAuriol, maire de Muret. Le comit\u00e9, compos\u00e9 de personnalit\u00e9s locales, mobilise des dons de v\u00eatements, d\u2019argent et fournit des articles essentiels pour se prot\u00e9ger des rigueurs de l\u2019hiver. Un texte officiel remercie chaleureusement les Muretains, rappelant que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ne sont pas \u00ab\u202fdes assassins\u202f\u00bb, contre les st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes de la presse de droite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Conditions de vie et contr\u00f4le administratif<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont soumis \u00e0 un strict contr\u00f4le de leurs d\u00e9placements. Chaque sortie n\u00e9cessite l\u2019accord du 2\u1d49 bureau de la pr\u00e9fecture de Toulouse. Les lettres pr\u00e9fectorales du 15\u202ff\u00e9vrier pr\u00e9cisent que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s doivent r\u00e9sider dans la commune assign\u00e9e sous peine de sanctions p\u00e9nales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le quotidien du camp est marqu\u00e9 par la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9. Les soins m\u00e9dicaux sont limit\u00e9s (une infirmi\u00e8re signale le d\u00e9c\u00e8s de Francesca\u202fCalvo le 3\u202fmai\u202f1939). Les autorit\u00e9s tentent de r\u00e9duire les aides financi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Vers la dissolution du camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avec le d\u00e9clenchement de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, la politique fran\u00e7aise change. En avril\u202f1939, les Compagnies de Travailleurs \u00c9trangers (C.T.E.) sont cr\u00e9\u00e9es. Les hommes espagnols sont enr\u00f4l\u00e9s pour renforcer les d\u00e9fenses, notamment sur la Ligne Maginot. En septembre 1940, le d\u00e9cret de Vichy transforme les C.T.E. en Groupements de Travailleurs \u00c9trangers (G.T.E.). Ce d\u00e9cret les maintient sous la contrainte de travail agricole ou industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le 14\u202fnovembre\u202f1939, le maire de Muret re\u00e7oit une circulaire pr\u00e9fectorale annon\u00e7ant la suppression progressive des aides aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Le 6\u202fd\u00e9cembre, le pr\u00e9fet ordonne l\u2019\u00e9vacuation du centre de Muret. Le 11\u202fd\u00e9cembre\u202f1939, les femmes et enfants restants sont transf\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 Miramont\u2011de\u2011Comminges, puis dispers\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. H\u00e9ritage et m\u00e9moire<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Malgr\u00e9 la fermeture du camp, plusieurs r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s restent \u00e0 Muret pendant la guerre, int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la R\u00e9sistance et aux Forces Fran\u00e7aises de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur (F.F.I.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les archives de Muret t\u00e9moignent d\u2019une solidarit\u00e9 humaine exceptionnelle, mais aussi d\u2019une politique d\u2019internement et de contr\u00f4le qui a grandement limit\u00e9 la libert\u00e9 des R\u00e9publicains espagnols. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.petiterepublique.com\/2019\/05\/16\/la-retirada-au-college-niel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Leur histoire, ancr\u00e9e dans la m\u00e9moire locale, rappelle les enjeux contemporains de l\u2019accueil des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la fois humanitaire et respectueuse des droits<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-pdf-viewer-block-standard\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"uploaded-pdf\"><a href=\"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Les-Espagnols-a-Muret.pdf\" data-width=\"\" data-height=\"\"><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Apr\u00e8s la publication de notre dernier article intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Arras 7 janvier 2026 \u2013 journ\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9tude sur l\u2019exil r\u00e9publicain\u00ab\u00a0, un internaute &#8211; Marc Bouhours &#8211; a adress\u00e9 aux organisateurs de cette journ\u00e9e un document qui peut [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24941,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[161],"tags":[365,16,364,40,210],"class_list":["post-24937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-memoire","tag-centre-daccueil","tag-exil","tag-muret","tag-republicains-espagnols","tag-retirada"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24937","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24937"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24937\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24945,"href":"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24937\/revisions\/24945"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24937"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24937"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coordination-caminar.org\/blg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}